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In the interests of accurate history and to avoid misunderstandings about the Saracens who harassed Assisi, Tertiary Michael Giffin gives some evidence to show that these Saracens were resident in southern Italy, and were attacking Assisi to do the Emperor's bidding, not for religious reasons.
by MICHAEL GIFFIN tssf Clare repelled freelance Saracen soldiers in the army of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick II, not Saracens who represented an Islamic threat. All Franciscans need to be aware of this distinction lest we contribute to inter-faith misunderstanding. Here are some references: http://www.answers.com/topic/clare-of-assisi Clare lived during a tumultuous period in Italian history, and in 1234 San Damiano's walls were transgressed by soldiers in the army of the Holy Roman emperor, Frederick II. Clare was ill in bed but reportedly rose and went to the window with a ciborium, a chalice-like vessel that was used at the time to house the Eucharist. She was said to have raised the ciborium at the soldiers—some of them Saracen, or Muslim—who had mounted a ladder, and they fell over backwards and fled. http://www.therealpresence.org/eucharst/mir/english_pdf/Assisi.pdf The History of Saint Clare, Virgin, tells of various miracles performed by Saint Clare. There are episodes of multiplications of loaves and of bottles of oil that appeared in the convent when there was none before. But Clare performed the most famous of the miracles in 1240 on a Friday in September, in which she turned away an attack by Saracen soldiers who had broken into the convent cloister by showing them the Sacred Host. [Note: the term used here is “Saracen soldiers” not “Islamic soldiers”. The distinction is important. MG.] http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/articles/saracen_archers.htm During the first phase of their Southern Italian conquest, the Normans included archers in their troops; but such usage seems to have been sporadic and simple … According to Anna Commena, the archers that accompanied the Norman expeditionary force in Epirus were just young striplings and decrepit old men, recruited from every part of Southern Italy, and they did not have any knowledge of handling a bow … In early twelfth century Southern Italy, as in the rest of the Continent, crossbowmen were being increasingly used in place of archers. But an important exception to this was represented by the presence of Muslims, whose culture contained a strong archery tradition, in the Norman-Swabian armies. The Normans, soon after the conquest of Sicily was complete, began using Sicilian Saracen mounted and foot archers as auxiliary troops … Fredrick II reinforced the use of Saracens in Southern Italian armies. After having put down the last of the rebellions in Sicily he deported to Lucera, in Puglia, the most troublesome Saracens who had refused to convert. Here the Emperor founded a flourishing Arab colony, which continued their traditions and customs for about a century, as well as the right to practice their own religion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy The Islamic conquest and rule of Sicily, Malta, and parts of southern Italy was a process whose origin can be traced back through the general expansion of Islam from the 7th century onwards. Though the Muslim presence was ephemeral on the peninsula and limited mostly to semi-permanent soldier camps—the Emirate of Bari existed for only twenty years or so—their rule over the island was effective from 902, but their complete rule of Sicily lasted only from 965 until 1061, though they were not completely evicted until 1091. © Ted Witham 2009 Spirit-Ed: Consultant in Religious Education Email: twitham@graduate.uwa.edu.au | ||
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